Sui Blockchain New Protocol Lutris: Integrating High Throughput and Low Latency

Mysten Labs released an updated version of the Sui Lutris white paper on August 18, revealing the latest performance metrics of the Sui Blockchain:

1. With a transaction rate of 5000 per second, Sui can handle 140,000 to 150,000 operations, far exceeding the current mainnet peak performance of 700 TPS.

2. Even if some validation nodes stop running, Sui can still maintain a final confirmation latency of less than 0.5 seconds.

This white paper not only details the operational mechanisms of Sui, but also provides security proofs and guidance for external testers to replicate performance data.

After the Sui mainnet went live, applications such as games and NFTs quickly emerged. The recent Sui Lutris technical report released by Mysten Labs introduces this distributed system that supports Sui, enabling it to maintain low latency and long-term stability at high throughput.

Since the birth of Bitcoin, Blockchain technology has been continuously developing, with emerging applications such as games and NFTs springing up one after another. The Blockchain community has been exploring ways to improve efficiency, especially in handling high loads and real-time latency.

Currently, L1 Blockchain faces two major challenges: achieving high throughput on the basis of low latency while ensuring the long-term stability of the consensus protocol. These challenges can be addressed through the dynamic participation and configuration of validating nodes.

DAG-based consensus protocols (such as Narwhal/Bullshark used by Sui) are effective ways to increase throughput, suitable for application scenarios such as games and NFTs. However, such protocols often introduce several seconds of latency, which can have a significant impact on certain operations.

On the other hand, non-consensus protocols excel in reducing latency and scalability, such as the FastPay prototype. These protocols eliminate the consensus phase, allowing for fast transaction processing. However, they are only suitable for a limited category of simple operations, which restricts the expressiveness of smart contracts and makes it difficult to dynamically adjust the set of validating nodes.

Although both protocols have potential, they are currently mainly at the academic discussion stage and have not been widely applied to product-level Blockchain. The Sui Lutris protocol combines the advantages of DAG-based consensus and non-consensus methods, achieving sub-second latency and continuous throughput of thousands of transactions per second, while retaining the ability to execute complex contracts, generate checkpoints, and verify node sets across cycles.

Sui Lutris adopts a unique hybrid approach. For asset operations with a single owner, the system uses a consistency broadcasting protocol among validation nodes to achieve latency below consensus. Complex smart contract and shared object operations rely on the consensus mechanism. In addition, Sui Lutris also supports network maintenance operations, such as defining checkpoints and reconfiguring validation nodes.

The transaction lifecycle of Sui Lutris includes the following steps:

1. The user creates and signs the transaction.
2. The verification node performs security checks and signs.
3. The client collects the responses from the validation nodes to form the transaction certificate.
4. The certificate is sent back to the verification node for confirmation.
5. The consensus engine processes transactions involving shared objects.
6. The client collects the responses from the validation nodes as proof of transaction settlement.
7. Generate checkpoints for each consensus submission.

In addition to the main trading process, Sui Lutris also offers several product-level features:

• Checkpoint protocol generates a complete transaction history.
• Support reconfiguration at the end of each cycle.
• Safely unlock mistakenly locked assets at the end of the cycle.

Sui Lutris is the core foundation of the Sui Blockchain, and the complete technical report provides more detailed information on the security and activity protocols, as well as the security proofs in standard distributed system models.